b'Fastened for Flightmaterials to construct their wares. The all-aluminum skins of yesteryear slowly are being eliminated in favor of composite sandwiches that in some applications in-clude titanium, creating challenges for cutting tool manufacturers.In addition, each aerospace OEM has its own fit re-quirements for fasteners, which might vary from plane to plane or even from one specific area to another in an individual aircraft.Compensation QuandariesThe requirements vary greatly based on the size of the plane, the load and stress of a mating section and the manufacturer, Win said. Cutting tool manufactur-ers must therefore deal with a broad range of materi-als and thicknesses, hole sizes, countersink shapes and depths, as well as different methods of fastener instal-lation and hole prep, making it difficult to standardize cutting tools. Because of this variability, countersinking tools must often be customized to the fastener and its unique application.f UpB\x1eAre you ready for custom cutting tools that are as unique as the things you make? Talk Your Advertising ON US! to GWS Tool Group.Buy an ad in the July issue of CTE and qualify to buy a bonus ad thats double the size for the same price. Call now to learn more and reserve your B\x1efed Up ad space!GWSTOOLGROUP.COMctemag.com847-498-9100ctemag.com/cteguide.com31Countersinking.indd 31 4/16/20 5:20 PM'